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In 2004, Das et al. proposed a dynamic identity based remote user authentication scheme. They claimed that their scheme is secure against different attacks. Unfortunately, many researchers demonstrated that Das et al. scheme is vulnerable to various attacks. Furthermore, this scheme does not achieve mutual authentication and thus can not resist malicious server attack. In 2005, Liao et al. improved...
In 2009, Wang et al. argued that Das et al.'s scheme is vulnerable to stolen smart card attack if an attacker obtains the smart card of legitimate user and chooses any random password. Then the attacker gets through the authentication process to get access of the remote server. Therefore, Wang et al. proposed an improved scheme to preclude the weaknesses of Das et al.'s scheme. However, we found that...
Password is the most commonly used technique for user authentication due to its simplicity and convenience. The main advantage of passwords is that users can memorize them easily without needing any hardware to store them. Efficient password authentication schemes are required to authenticate the legitimacy of remote users over an insecure communication channel. In this paper, we presented the survey...
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